Ethics of Educational Psychologists

Low-incidence condition

A low-incidence condition is an extremely uncommon condition affecting the relatively small number of individuals (Brown & Brinkman, 2004). Unfortunately, the educational practices and services required to meet the needs of low-incidence disability learners have received insufficient attention in psychology research literature (Freeman & Alkin, 2000; Campbell, Reilly, Henley, 2008), leaving professionals unconfident to work with this population. This essay will analyse the topic by critically discussing the family, school, teachers and Educational Psychologist’s (EP) perspectives on working with children with a rare condition. Additionally, the child’s own perspective will be presented.  This is done in order to present a balanced and comprehensive view of the child as well as the family/school, providing a proper stance to base the argument upon. Finally, implications and guidelines of EP will be addressed throughout this entire paper.

What is a Custom Written Academic Paper?

A custom written academic paper is created to your exact specifications, ensuring originality and alignment with your academic goals. Our expert writers conduct thorough research to deliver tailored content. Each paper follows your preferred citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Harvard. Students worldwide trust our essay and research paper writing services for personalized, plagiarism-free, and high-quality results that meet strict academic standards.

The Child’s Voice

Children have the right to receive and provide information to express their opinion and given due weight according to their age, maturity and capability (Damodaran & Sherlock, 2013).

In children with a low-incidence disability, since they are trying to manage their condition, it is crucial to be receptive to their needs and the kinds of support they seek (Lightfoot, Wright & Sloper, 1999). Therefore, aside from assessing a child’s learning needs and identifying the additional support they require, it would be beneficial for school and health staff to build a supportive role throughout the child’s journey.

Importantly, it is now known that students often feel uncomfortable seeking help from health professionals who have very little knowledge about their individual case/treatment (Lightfoot, Wright & Sloper, 1999). While health professionals work under multiple constraints, there should be more scope for paying attention to students’ views.

Can You Write My Essay for Free?

We don’t provide free essay writing, but you can download free samples from our website to evaluate our quality. Our affordable essay writing services deliver custom, plagiarism-free essays tailored to your instructions. With professional support from academic experts, your essay will meet university standards for structure, references, and originality. Order today for reliable, budget-friendly essay assistance that helps you succeed.

Another issue regarding the child’s voice is that because health professionals do not pay enough attention to the students’ views, it is often found that their opinion is neglected because practitioners assume they are incapable of making decisions (Lightfoot, Wright & Sloper, 1999). However, it is important to practice the concept of rights for every individual, which is often overlooked. This is supported by legislations which examine international child rights and also the concept of childhood that underlies it (Burman, 1996).

Family

Emotional dilemmas appear to arise between parents and professional personnel who are working on the child as reports have shown that support for families is limited as concerns are not voiced (MacBeath, Galton, Steward, MacBeath & Page, 2006). Studies have shown that it is critical to understand the parents’ viewpoints as the information provided by them could be valuable to assist in designing their child’s educational program (Campbell, Reilly, Henley, 2008).

The opinion of parents is valuable regarding the condition of their child. Studies have indicated that parents who are concerned about their child’s well-being are generally self-aware and aware of the world around them. They are aware of the updates issues and the current situations which will lead them to take rational yet logical decisions (LeMasters, 1970) about their child’s educational provision.

Is It Difficult to Write a Thesis?

Writing a thesis requires extensive research, critical analysis, and structured argumentation, making it one of the most challenging academic tasks. Our thesis writing services simplify the process by guiding you from topic selection to the final draft. With Ph.D.-level writers offering professional thesis help, you can confidently achieve academic goals while reducing stress and meeting your deadlines.

Moreover, parents are an integral aspect of the process because low-incidence conditions are rare, information could be lacking, and some of these children could possess low communication skills. Parents are undoubtedly more aware of their child’s particular types of communication, patterns of learning and social nuances (DfE, 2015) as most children spend their growing years with parents. Therefore, a collaborative approach between parental knowledge regarding their child and professional expertise would seem to be the most effective way to understand the child and implement a successful educational program (Campbell, Reilly, Henley, 2008).

In agreement with, it is reported that there is a strong relationship between parental reports and assessment results (Dinnebeil & Rule, 1994) and even more so for low-incident population (Campbell, Reiley & Henley, 2008).

Given that parents may experience distress during this difficult time, counselling, support groups or professional support could be implemented in the future. Workshops and seminars could also be introduced to help parents better understand the needs of their child and this could further help them to decide upon the best provision for their child.

School

While schools play a major role in the progress of students with special educational needs regardless of a high or low-incidence condition (Jackson, 2008), it was reported that teaching staff and professionals know very little about the autism spectrum and special educational needs (Macbeath, Steward, Galton, MacBeath & Page, 2006). Often, this lack of expertise and professional training in meeting a wide spectrum of needs could lead to school professionals resorting to common sense or instinct towards handling children with low-incidence needs (Macbeath, Steward, Galton, MacBeath & Page, 2006). Being negligent with or without intention could cause discrimination towards students and are detrimental to their learning.

Can Someone Write My Research Paper for Me?

Yes, our experienced writers can craft a research paper tailored to your academic requirements. Each paper is thoroughly researched, plagiarism-free, and formatted according to your university’s guidelines. You can communicate directly with your assigned writer for updates, ensuring a personalized experience. Order today for a seamless, reliable research paper writing process.

According to the Equality Act (2010) which applies to all England and Wales maintained and independent schools, it is unlawful for the responsible body of a school and EPs (HCPC, 2015) to discriminate against race, disability, religion and sexual orientation.

Moreover, according to the Department for Education (2015), schools must make reasonable adjustments and anticipatory duties for children with SEN. However, due to minimal knowledge or training in SEN, school staff could overlook on these responsibilities. Not only could this negligence hinder student’s learning, but barriers to learning could multiply and treatment to eventually cost more at a later stage. Therefore, it is critical to address the root of the problem and that refers to the initial stage of professional training in all teaching professionals.

As low-incidence conditions are rarely studied and understood, it could take a significant effort and time to implement provisions for these children. According to Campbell, Reilly, Henley (2008), one of the main concerns for special needs educators is the challenge to create an effective educational program based on varied individual needs. There is evidence that differentiated teaching is crucial to students’ learning, and especially for students with additional needs (Lawrence-Brown, 2004).

According to DfE (2015), high-quality teaching and differentiation for individual pupils is the first step for SEN. In agreement with, HCPC (2015) indicated that professionals are to be able to develop and apply effective yet creative interventions to promote psychological well-being, social, emotional and behavioural development of every individual child with unique needs.

Differentiated instructions could only be made possible when teachers implement their teachings according to different student’s mode of learning. On the other hand, it could be challenging for teaching professionals to step out of their comfort zone and teach in a different way from the norm. For these reasons, teachers are required to be flexible in their teaching approach and adjust the curriculum and presentation of information according to the learners’ needs.

Do You Guarantee a Specific Grade for My Research Paper?

While we cannot guarantee exact grades, our writers craft research papers to meet the highest academic standards through in-depth research and flawless formatting. Each paper is aligned with your professor’s expectations and includes free revisions to incorporate feedback. Choosing our services gives you the best chance of achieving strong academic results.

However, devising an effective learning environment requires a large amount of time, experience and appropriate strategies (Macbeth, Steward, Galton, Macbeth & Page, 2006). It is also noteworthy to mention that no two students are identical in terms of behaviour, attitude, intelligence and personality. Teaching students according to their unique learning needs not only help the learner learn in the most productive way, but could also enhance healthy teacher-student relationships.

Apart from varied individual needs, access to specialist help has been reported to be difficult (Macbeth, Steward, Galton, Macbeth & Page, 2006). Reports have in fact shown differences in placing a student with low-incident disability in schools in urban settings as compared to rural areas. Larger urban districts were able to employ a more diverse and specialized staff whereas more rural respondents reported they had to contract outside agencies to meet the needs of students (Pennington, Horn & Barong, 2009). This demonstrates that not only the school, but larger context such as the community, plays a major role in a child’s learning.

Finally, the implementation of teacher training in Special Educational Needs (SEN) is a critical step which should not be neglected or ignored.  There is evidence that training a teacher would not only be a way of investing in their welfare but it will also increase their level of motivation with the job and their level of satisfaction (Freeman, 1989).

Teachers

For educational programs to be successful, special educators are obliged to familiarize themselves with the curricular content, the characteristics of disability, related assessments, instructional strategies and the ways to effectively incorporate appropriate academic support technologies (Brownell et al., 2010). These could take the form of specialized teacher-training, seminars, and supervision. Nonetheless, it has been reported that teachers expressed a sense of emotional turmoil over the lack of adequate preparation and satisfying mentoring supports (MacBeath, Steward, Galton, MacBeath & Page, 2006).

How Do I Place an Order for Research Paper Writing Services?

Placing an order is quick and simple—fill out our secure online form with your topic, academic level, deadline, and instructions. Our support team guides you through each step, ensuring your paper is customized to your needs. Provide specific requirements, and our writers will deliver a polished, plagiarism-free paper tailored to your goals.

Given that teachers have found it challenging to work with children with SEN MacBeath, Steward, Galton, MacBeath & Page (2006), this illustrates that given the rarity of low-incidence condition, this may also apply to children belonging to this population. The same authors also reported that these teachers who are struggling in implementing optimal teaching for students with SEN are often left with self-guilt. Their biggest worry is that they are letting down both the children with SEN, as well as the rest of the class.

It will therefore be beneficial for schools to evaluate the effectiveness of professional mentoring, as well as the well-being of all professional staff, by supervision or feedback. Nonetheless, the use of feedbacks or supervision could not be completely credible as there is a possibility that professional staff could be hiding their worries in handling students with SEN, as they do not wish to be seen as incompetent. Hence, more studies should be done in this area to facilitate a more cooperative and forthright relationship between school and professional staff.

As it is the Eps’ responsibility to contribute to and benefit from the consultation, support, and training to increase understanding of the needs of clients (BPS, 2008), EPs are required to gain information about the disability and needs. Additionally, it is the responsibility of EPs to draw on psychological theory and research to provide a framework for describing a client’s disability and needs. However, given that it is a rare condition, there may be limited sources of information available. Therefore, it is important to promote the multi-agency side of our work with other health, education and social care professionals to seek more information on the rare condition.

As mentioned earlier in this paper, it will also be helpful to work collaboratively with parents as they may have gathered more valuable information regarding the unique needs of this child.

How Do You Ensure Top-Quality Research Papers?

All research papers undergo rigorous quality checks, including plagiarism scanning and multiple rounds of professional editing. Our writers craft each paper from scratch, ensuring originality and relevance. A free originality report is included with every order for transparency. Trust our research paper writing services for consistently high-quality academic work.

Despite research supporting the notion general education classrooms as places in which students with severe disabilities can best access the general education curriculum (Cosier, Causton-Theoharis, & Theoharis, 2013; Jackson, Ryndak & Wehmeyer, 2008; Soukup et al., 2007), schools and professionals are consistently facing challenges in this field. Although inclusion allows students with severe disabilities to learn from experts (Jackson, Ryndak & Wehmeyer, 2008), teachers contemplate that students with complicated disabilities could be better served in special schools where special teachers are better trained in special educational needs.

EP implication and Limitation

As the main work of an EP includes consultation, it is inevitable that challenges such as conflict of interests with other parties arise. EPs should abide by the principles indicated in the Children’s Act (1989) which highlights the importance of support towards those responsible for the child as well as meeting the needs of the child. On such occasions, EPs are responsible for assisting in resolving disagreements among all parties (carers, multi-agency professionals, school professionals).

It was reported by Farrell et al. (2006) that respondents expressed that their perception of the impact of an EP’s work reduced due to the limited amount of time allocated for consultation. However, this growing concern has yet to be addressed and future research should be done. Therefore, local authorities and professionals should be mindful regarding time sensitivity allocated for parental consultation. It was additionally indicated by Farrell et al. (2006) that alternative providers could take on the work of an EP to reduce the caseload. This way, EPs could allocate more time for valuable and productive consultation with parents.

What Services Does Your Website Offer?

We provide a wide range of academic services, including research paper writing, essay help, thesis support, editing, and proofreading across subjects like law, business, nursing, and sciences. Every project is tailored to your academic level, from undergraduate essays to doctoral dissertations. Explore our website for comprehensive writing services designed to support your success.

This paper discussed the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion as well as implications and recommendations for professionals working with a child with low-incidence needs. Undoubtedly, opposing views about including the child in the mainstream system will arise. This dilemma of difference allows us to recognize that a different provision might result in stigma and devaluation, but not recognizing the difference can prevent providing adequately for each individual (Norwich, 2002). It is the key role of EPs to provide optimal support and provision that works best for the child and family.

For a wider perspective on this topic, this paper looked into both the context of the United Kingdom and the United States of America. There were several similar standpoints between these two countries, however, further study should focus solely on the UK to get a more in-depth review of the topic. Future research is encouraged to narrow the gap regarding low-incidence condition and develop detailed legislations/guidelines when engaged with this population. It would also be beneficial to research and develop an effective framework to improve a productive relationship between all parties surrounding the child and EPs as facilitators. Lastly, due to the aging demographic profile of EPs, there is an inevitable concern around the future supply of EPs, which has yet to be addressed (MacBeath, Steward, Galton, MacBeath & Page, 2006).

References

Act, E. (2010). Equality act. The Stationary Office, London.

How Can I Make Sure Your Service is Legit?

Our company is legally registered under The Companies Act 1956, with offices in India, the US, and the UK. We maintain full transparency with verified client testimonials, secure payment gateways, and responsive customer support. Students can confirm our legitimacy by visiting our official contact page or reaching out to our team for verification.

Avramidis, E., & Norwich, B. (2002). Teachers’ attitudes towards integration/inclusion: a review of the

literature. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17(2), 129-147.

Brownell, M. T., Sindelar, P. T., Kiely, M. T., & Danielson, L. C. (2010). Special education teacher quality

and preparation: Exposing foundations, constructing a new model. Exceptional Children, 76(3), 357-377.

What Are Your Privacy Policies?

We guarantee complete confidentiality with end-to-end encryption for all client data and transactions. Customers may use an alias when placing orders to maintain anonymity. We never share your personal information with third parties. Our strict privacy policy ensures your essay or research paper order remains 100% secure and confidential.

Burman, E. (1996). Local, global or globalized? Child development and international child rights

legislation. Childhood, 3(1), 45-66.

Campbell, D. J., Reilly, A., & Henley, J. (2008). Comparison of assessment results of children with low

incidence disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 217-225.

How Can I Trust You for Quality Work?

Our services are built on rigorous quality control. Each paper is reviewed by expert editors to ensure accuracy, originality, and academic depth. Client reviews highlight our reputation for delivering consistently high-quality academic papers. With professional writers and transparent processes, you can trust us for reliable, polished work every time.

Cosier, M., Causton-Theoharis, J., & Theoharis, G. (2013). Does access matter? Time in general education

and achievement for students with disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 34(6), 323-332.

Damodaran J. and Sherlock C. (2013) Child rights and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services

(CAMHS) in Ireland. Irish Journal of Medical Science 182(4), 723-7.

Department for Education (2015) Special educational needs and disability code of practice: 0 to 25 years,

How Are You Unique from Other Services?

We stand out with a personalized approach, direct communication with writers, and free revisions for every order. Unlike many providers, all our papers are written from scratch with original research, not templates. Combined with 24/7 customer support, our unique services ensure you receive reliable, high-quality academic writing tailored to your goals.

DfE, London.

Department of Health (1991a) The Children Act-Notes – essay service – for Guidance Vol. 4, London, HMSO.

Dinnebeil, L. A., & Rule, S. (1994). Congruence Between Parentsapos; and Professionals’ Judgments About

the Development of Young Children with Disabilities A Review of the Literature. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 14(1), 1-25.

Farrell, P., Woods, K., Lewis, S., Rooney, S., Squires, G., & O’Connor, M. (2006). A review of the functions

How Soon Can I Expect a Response After Submitting an Enquiry?

Our support team responds to enquiries within hours, often much sooner. With 24/7 customer service, you’ll always receive fast, reliable help via email, live chat, or phone. Students worldwide trust us for prompt communication, ensuring academic deadlines are always met without stress.

and contribution of educational psychologists in England and Wales in light of “Every Child Matters: Change for Children”. Nottingham: DfES Publications.

Freeman, D. (1989). Teacher training, development, and decision making: A model of teaching and related

strategies for language teacher education. Tesol Quarterly, 23(1), 27-45.

Frymier, A. B., & Houser, M. L. (2000). The teacher‐student relationship as an interpersonal

What Requirements Do You Need for Writing My Research Paper?

To start, we need your topic, academic level, word count, deadline, and formatting style. You can also upload materials, sources, or specific professor instructions. Our writers tailor every paper to meet your unique requirements, ensuring academic precision and originality. Place your order today for fully customized academic support.

relationship. Communication Education, 49(3), 207-219.

Gilligan, R. (1998). The importance of schools and teachers in child welfare. Child & Family Social

Work, 3(1), 13-25.

Health and Care Professions Council Standards of Proficiency (2015). Retrieved from

http://www.hpcuk.org/assets/documents/10002963SOP_Practitioner_psychologists.pdf

Do You Offer Research Paper Services for International Students?

Yes, we specialize in supporting international students, adapting writing style, vocabulary, and formatting to meet global academic systems. Whether you’re studying in the UK, US, Canada, or elsewhere, we ensure your research paper meets institutional expectations. Our writers help bridge language and cultural gaps for international success.

Jackson, L. B., Ryndak, D. L., & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2008). The dynamic relationship between context,

curriculum, and student learning: A case for inclusive education as a research-based practice. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 34(1), 175-195.

Jackson, S. Y. (2008). Supporting beginning special education teachers of students with low incidence

disabilities in urban settings. ProQuest.

Kemp, C. W. (2015). INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FOR PRESCHOOL-12th GRADE STUDENTS WITH LOW

INCIDENCE DISABILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF STATE LEADERS’PERCEPTIONS (Doctoral dissertation, Liberty University).

Lawrence-Brown, D. (2004). Differentiated instruction: Inclusive strategies for standards-based learning that

Do You Offer Research Paper Writing for Specific Subjects?

We provide subject-specific research papers across fields such as Business, Nursing, IT, Law, and more. Each writer specializes in academic disciplines, ensuring depth and accuracy. Our tailored approach delivers research papers that align with subject-specific academic standards. Students trust us for customized, high-quality writing in every field.

benefit the whole class. American secondary education, 34-62.

LeMasters, E. E. (1970). Parents in modern America: A sociological analysis. Dorsey Press.

Lightfoot, J., Wright, S., & Sloper, P. (1999). Supporting pupils in mainstream school with an illness or

disability: Young people’s views. Child: care, health and development, 25(4), 267-284.

MacBeath, J., Galton, M., Steward, S., MacBeath, A. & Page, C. (2006) The Costs of Inclusion. Cambridge:

University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education.

What Payment Methods Do You Accept?

We accept secure payments through credit cards, PayPal, and verified bank transfers, all processed via encrypted gateways. Your financial data remains protected by industry-standard security measures. Choose your preferred method for a smooth and safe checkout experience. Order with confidence knowing your payment is always secure.

Norwich, B. (2002). Education, inclusion and individual differences: Recognising and resolving

dilemmas. British Journal of Educational Studies, 50(4), 482-502.

O’Donovan, A., & May, S. (2007). The advantages of the mindful therapist. Psychotherapy in

Australia, 13(4), 46.

Pennington, R., Horn, C., & Berrong, A. (2009). An evaluation of the differences between big city and small

town special education services for students with low incidence disabilities in Kentucky. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 28(4), 3.

Soukup, J. H., Wehmeyer, M. L., Bashinski, S. M., & Bovaird, J. A. (2007). Classroom variables and access

to the general curriculum for students with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 74(1), 101-120.

What Is the Timeline for Completing My Research Paper?

Timelines depend on paper length and complexity, ranging from 1 to 4 weeks. For urgent needs, rush orders are available. You can also request progressive delivery to review drafts before final submission. Our writers always ensure deadlines are met while maintaining top academic quality.