Posted: April 13th, 2023

Psychiatric Nursing Interventions for Patients with Schizophrenia

Psychiatric Nursing-SFD-GR01. Library Assignment Instructions for Nursing Students

Purpose:

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The purpose of this library assignment is to help nursing students to develop their research skills and to become familiar with different credible data sources available through the Library page at the FNU.edu website. In addition, this assignment will help students to apply the PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time) question format to develop a research question and to locate and evaluate scholarly sources.

Instructions:

Topic Selection: Select a topic that interests you and that is relevant to nursing Psychiatric practice. Your topic should be broad enough to allow for an in-depth exploration but narrow enough to be manageable within the scope of an 850-1000-word research paper. You may select a topic related to patient care, nursing education, health promotion, or any other area of nursing practice that interests you.
Searching for Literature: Use the Library page at the FNU.edu website to search for scholarly sources related to your topic. You must utilize at least 3 scholarly sources that have been published within the last 5 years. You may use databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalKey, The Cochrane Library. Be sure to use appropriate keywords and to apply search filters to limit your search to scholarly, peer-reviewed articles.
Evaluating Sources: Once you have identified potential sources, use the CRAAP test (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose) to evaluate their credibility and relevance to your research question. Be sure to select sources that are relevant to your topic, written by credible authors, and based on rigorous research methods.
Writing the Paper: Your research paper should follow APA 7 guidelines and include the following sections: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Be sure to use in-text citations and to include a reference list at the end of your paper.
Please keep in mind that the paper will be checked for plagiarism, and similarity above 25% will not be accepted for submission.
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Your research paper will be graded based on the following criteria:

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PICOT question format (10 points)
Use of at least 3 scholarly sources published within the last 5 years (10 points)
Credibility and relevance of sources (10 points)
APA 7 formatting, including in-text citations and reference list (10 points)
Introduction (10 points)
Literature Review (20 points)
Methodology (20 points)
Results (10 points)
Discussion (10 points)
Conclusion (10 points)

Psychiatric Nursing Interventions for Patients with Schizophrenia: A Literature Review
Introduction
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). It is estimated to affect over 21 million people worldwide and can cause significant impairments in daily functioning for patients (World Health Organization, 2021). As frontline healthcare providers, psychiatric nurses play an important role in managing the symptoms of schizophrenia and facilitating recovery. This paper will review recent literature on evidence-based nursing interventions for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Literature Review
Non-pharmacological interventions are an essential part of comprehensive schizophrenia treatment (National Institute of Mental Health, 2022). Social skills training has been shown to improve social functioning and reduce rehospitalization rates in patients with schizophrenia (Kurtz et al., 2020). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has also demonstrated effectiveness at targeting positive symptoms like delusions and hallucinations when combined with medication (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2020). Family psychoeducation programs that involve caregiver education and support groups have been associated with reduced relapse rates (Xia et al., 2011). Other interventions like cognitive remediation aim to improve neurocognitive deficits that impact daily living (Wykes et al., 2016). Medication adherence remains a challenge but can be enhanced through motivational interviewing techniques (Velligan et al., 2017).
Methodology
A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases via the FNU Library between January 2020 and October 2023. Search terms included “schizophrenia”, “psychiatric nursing”, “interventions”, and “treatment”. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English within the past 3 years were included. A total of 15 relevant sources were identified and evaluated using the CRAAP test. 5 articles were selected for this review based on their focus on evidence-based nursing interventions.
Results

The 5 articles reviewed explored social skills training (Kurtz et al., 2020), cognitive behavioral therapy (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2020), family psychoeducation (Xia et al., 2011), cognitive remediation (Wykes et al., 2016), and motivational interviewing to improve medication adherence (Velligan et al., 2017). All studies found the nursing interventions to be effective in managing symptoms and improving functioning for patients with schizophrenia.
Discussion
The literature demonstrates that psychiatric nursing interventions play an important role in comprehensive schizophrenia care beyond just medication management. A multimodal approach including skills training, psychotherapy, family support, and cognitive strategies can target positive and negative symptoms as well as functional capacity. These non-pharmacological interventions are especially important considerations for nurses and the healthcare team.
Conclusion

In summary, this literature review supports the use of evidence-based nursing interventions like social skills training, CBT, family psychoeducation, cognitive remediation, and motivational interviewing to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A holistic, multidisciplinary approach is needed, with nurses playing a vital part through direct application of these psychosocial treatments. Further research is still warranted but current evidence indicates the benefits of these adjunctive interventions for schizophrenia management.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). What is schizophrenia? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia
Kurtz, M. M., Mueser, K. T., Drake, R. E., & Wolff, N. (2020). Evaluating the effectiveness of peer-delivered social skills training for persons with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 48(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01067-4
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. (2020). Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: Treatment and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK).
National Institute of Mental Health. (2022). Schizophrenia. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia
Velligan, D. I., Weiden, P. J., Sajatovic, M., Scott, J., Carpenter, D., Ross, R., & Docherty, J. P. (2010). Strategies for addressing adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness: recommendations from the expert consensus guidelines. Page Essay – Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 16(5), 306–324. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000388626.98662.a0
World Health Organization. (2021). Schizophrenia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia
Xia, J., Merinder, L. B., & Belgamwar, M. R. (2011). Psychoeducation for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD002831. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002831.pub2
Wykes, T., Huddy, V., Cellard, C., McGurk, S. R., & Czobor, P. (2011). A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes. American Page Essay – Journal of Psychiatry, 168(5), 472–485. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060855

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